Romanticism literature examples. Nov 21, 2023 · Romanticism Literature Examples.

Romanticism literature examples Acutely conscious of being products of a very particular time and place, French writers wrote into their work their Dec 20, 2024 · Introduction. It rejected the rationalism of the Enlightenment and sought to evoke strong emotions in readers through vivid imagery and passionate storytelling. These are examples of how the aesthetic, themes, and spirit of Romanticism have been reinterpreted for new generations. Feb 16, 2021 · The sublime is a central category of aesthetics in romanticism. Romanticism was a movement in literature that took place in virtually every country in Europe, North America, and Latin America. Dark Romanticism is often associated with darkness, gloom, mystery and death, which can be seen throughout Edgar Allen Poe’s literature. Romantic poetry can argue radical ideas explicitly and vehemently (as in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “England in 1819,” a sonnet in protest of Peterloo) or allegorically and ambivalently (as in William Blake’s “The Tyger,” from Songs of Dec 29, 2022 · With so many social groups melding together to form a unified nation, the need to define a national identity was at the forefront of much of the literature from the American Romantic era. Let’s take a look at the difference between Augustan poetry and Romantic poetry. Additionally, it challenged classical artistic standards, encouraging originality and personal expression in art and literature. And while they lacked our modern terminology for discussing the mind and its operations, many were nevertheless quite astute. Many Romantic-era writers created characters who were mad or shattered by terrible grief. Nevertheless, since horror and Dark Romanticism aren’t exactly the same, it might be nice to provide a brief list of literary works which might Romantic poetry responded to these poets by doing a total U-turn. William Blake, for example, noted that repressing desire can lead to violence and explicitly linked sexual repression to war. Romantic writing characteristically strives to transcend all bounds, all definition. This period saw a shift from the rationalism of the Enlightenment, with over 60% of Romantic works focusing on personal feelings and nature’s beauty. Jul 25, 2018 · By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University) English Romanticism tends to be dominated by a few names: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats. "Romanticism in Literature: Definition and Romanticism (roe-MAN-tuh-SIZZ-um) was a literary movement that emphasized individualism and emotion. Sep 10, 2024 · Romanticism in literary theory, Romanticism as a literary genre mainly refers to Romanticism in this period. Nov 21, 2023 · Romanticism in Literature. She is delighted with her new acquaintances: flirtatious Isabella, who shares Catherine's love of Gothic romance and horror, and sophisticated Henry and Eleanor Tilney, who invite her to their father's mysterious house, Northanger Abbey. . Emphasizing emotion, imagination, and individuality, Romanticism has given us some of the most compelling stories and characters that are still celebrated today. Emphasis on the activity of the imagination was accompanied by greater emphasis on the importance of intuition, instincts, and feelings, and Romantics generally called for greater attention to the emotions as a necessary supplement to purely logical reason. Aug 27, 2020 · What are the characteristics of romanticism in literature? There are many, but we help you easily identify which are part of the powerful literary movement. In contrast, Romanticism sought artistic examples in the “uncouth” Gothic aesthetic of medievalism in order to restore belief and expression. Think of the Romantic literature and musical compositions of the early 19th century: the poetry of Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, and William Wordsworth and the scores of Ludwig van Beethoven, Richard Strauss, and Frédéric Chopin—these Romantic poets and musicians associated with visual artists. Look through our list to get started. And, as discussed in the previous chapter, the focus on the relationship between self and landscape that you see in many Romantic-period texts has its roots 113 in the Definition of Romantic Irony. … Aug 21, 2022 · #6: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Summary: Romantic literature, emerging in the late 18th to mid-19th century, emphasized individualism, emotion, and nature, contrasting with the rationalism of the Enlightenment. Romantic poetry is about love, nature and emotion – you could say it comes from the heart. These essays typically explore personal experiences and thoughts, celebrating the beauty of the natural world while critiquing Mar 20, 2024 · Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “The Minister’s Black Veil” is a prime example of the Romantic literary movement. The movement of Romanticism created a new outlook on life and heightened many new interests and ideas that were unknown before. Here, we’ve tried to strike a balance and offer ten of the very best Romantic poems from English literature, which ensures that these canonical figures are well-represented, while also broadening that canon to include… Where and how did Romanticism start? Romanticism began in England. Nathaniel Hawthorne began his writing career considered a Romantic author, then moved towards Transcendentalism, before rejecting it in favor of the genre of his greatest success: "Dark Romanticism. [6] [7] This includes the pre-Romantic graveyard poets from the 1740s, whose works are characterized by gloomy meditations on mortality, "skulls and coffins, epitaphs and worms". Romanticism in British literature developed in a different form slightly later, mostly associated with the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, whose co-authored book Lyrical Ballads (1798) sought to reject Augustan poetry in favor of more direct speech derived from folk traditions. " Find an example of his work from each of these genres and discuss their Dec 11, 2020 · Literary history has commonly recognized Wordsworth’s preface of 1800 as the first text of English Romantic criticism, but Wordsworth was hardly alone, in the last years of the eighteenth century, in making the attempt to confront the political and cultural crisis of Europe in the 1790s with claims for new, transformative kinds of cultural production. British Literary Culture 1750-1850 (Chandler) Frankenstein (Keenleyside) Literature, History, and Science: 1750-1900 (Chandler) The Literature of Empire, 1750-1900 (Chandler) Lyric Forms from Blake to Hardy (Helsinger) Narrative Point of View: Theory/Practice, Fiction/Cinema (Chandler) May 1, 2024 · Essay Example: The Romantic epoch, spanning from the latter part of the 18th century to the early 19th century, denotes a discernible shift in the annals of English literature, characterized by a bold departure from the Enlightenment's constraints and a fervent embrace of subjectivity. With so many social groups melding together to form a unified nation, the need to define a national identity was at the forefront of much of the literature from the American Romantic era. ‘Romanticism’ is notoriously difficult to define. Not until Often the term Romantic literature, particularly poetry, evokes the connotation of nature poetry. Romanticism was the first upsurge of realism—exploratory and imaginative as to subject matter and inventive as to forms and techniques. French literature - Romanticism, Poetry, Novels: In general, full-blown Romanticism in France developed later than in Germany or Britain, with a particular flavour that comes from the impact on French writers’ sensibilities of revolutionary turmoil and the Napoleonic odyssey. Example: John Keats’ poem “Ode on a Nightingale” explores the speaker’s emotional response to a bird’s song, using vivid imagery to capture the beauty and fleeting nature of the experience. Emphasis on Emotion and Imagination: Romanticism championed the power of feelings and individual perception. After two German writers Schlegel brothers used this phrase for poetry, it converted into a motion like a virulent disease and spread at some stage in Europe. May 1, 2024 · Essay Example: The era of Romanticism, an intellectual and artistic movement originating in late 18th-century Europe, marks a profound departure in the cultural tides of the epoch. . Much of American Romantic literature focused on the social outsider as a protagonist who lived by their own rules on the outskirts of society. Notable figures like William Wordsworth and John Keats In his preface to Hernani (1830), Victor Hugo wrote that “Romanticism was nothing more than liberalism in literature. Until its onset, Neoclassicism dominated 18th-century European art, typified by a focus on classical subject matter, an interest in aesthetic austerity, and ideas in line with the Enlightenment, an intellectual, philosophical, and literary movement that placed emphasis on the individual. viewed wholly under its militant Jun 14, 2016 · Lovejoy, for example, claimed that romanticism is “the scandal of literary history and criticism” (1960: 234). After examining the romantic and gothic genre, it is clear that Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley respects the ideals of romanticism and the gothic genre. Feb 16, 2021 · Romanticism is therefore to be defined negatively, perhaps, as a principled protest against classicism. ) examples: ecocriticism, nature, vitalism, materialism Apr 22, 2023 · Romanticism, a literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that began in the late 18th century, has produced some of the most timeless and beloved books. Please keep in mind that the term "Romanticism" has been used in varying contexts and has come to mean different things to different people. Romantic music is linked more closely to the other arts, particularly to literature. How does Gothic Literature differ from "Dark Romanticism"? 4. Examples of American Romanticism Literature The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Contrary to the English example, American literature championed the novel as the most fitting genre for Romanticism’s exposition. The Romantic era lasted from the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, but its effects are still evident throughout modern literature. The characteristics of Romanticism include a focus on individual emotions, enthusiasm about the grandeur of the natural world, and a celebration of creativity and the figure of the artist. Since the French were the earliest to identify it as a movement, we can recur to the incisive definition one of the great French romantics, Victor Hugo, who (in the preface to his 1830 play Hernani) wrote, “Romanticism, so often badly defined, is . Explore Romanticism examples found in literature, art and music. May 6, 2024 · Romantic literature, which arose from the end of the eighteenth century, then engaged with pastoralism through its intense idealization of the natural world. The Sublime is one of the significant notions in the aesthetics of eighteenth century Romantic literature. [8] Nov 22, 2023 · Romanticism rejected the prevailing ideology of the Enlightenment, which championed reason, materialism, and the classical traditions of more “enlightened” societies like ancient Greece and Rome. One of the most iconic examples of Romantic literature is William Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. "Black Swan," with its blend of personal torment and artistic pursuit, hits every major Romantic trope. Romanticism, which originated in Europe in the late 18th century, was a reaction against the rationalism and order of the Enlightenment. Examples of Romanticism in Literature Example #1 To Autumn by John Keats Examples of American Romanticism in Literature. May 9, 2018 · This collection of critical essays brings together a wide variety of scholars with varying interpretations of romantic literature. It does not record or photograph; it creates and a few examples of modern romanticism in film, literature, & tv Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a wonderful example of Modern Romanticism – incorporating elements of magic and romance. Mar 1, 2016 · Nonetheless, there are many differences between romantic and classical music. It was an artistic, intellectual, and literary movement cultivated as a reaction to the Classicism and Neoclassicism movements that preceded it. The Role Of Nature In Romantic Literature Romantic literature is frequently defined by its celebration of nature, emotion, individualism, and the imagination. Frankenstein exemplifies many of the values associated with Romanticism, an artistic movement that began in Western Europe during the late 1700s through the mid-1800s. I don’t want to go into too much detail about literature related to Dark Romanticism since I already covered a lot of Romantic h orror-like literature earlier this month. Although nature is an important component in much Romantic literature, Romanticism is much more than recording the beauties of the natural world. Like Romanticism, the Gothic style arose as a response to the Literary realism creates the appearance of life as it is actually experienced, with characters that speak the everyday language and are representative of everyday life as a reader would understand it. Dec 7, 2019 · The following academic paper highlights the up-to-date issues and questions of Romanticism Literature Examples. It was a literary movement against the Age of Enlightenment's Apr 24, 2023 · Romanticism: 18th century artistic and intellectual movement that stressed emotion, freedom, and individual imagination. The brilliant development of Romanticism in this What are some notable examples of romantic literature? The Romantic era produced a plethora of works that have stood the test of time. Many art scholars and historians see the movement as a response to the changes and innovations of the Industrial Revolution. In this respect, literature can be proud of the Romanticism and Victorian literature, because of their gradual framework and applicable emergence due to the significant events, such as the French Revolution, American Revolution, the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo and the period of the longest reign in Great Britain outlined with Queen Victoria. Introduction to Romanticism Romanticism has very little to do with things popularly thought of as "romantic," although love may occasionally be the subject of Romantic art. Aug 25, 2024 · Romanticism is one of the most famous cultural eras influencing art, literature, and music. Imagine you are a Romantic poet living in the 19th century. Below, readers can explore a few of the most important literary works created within the American Romanticism movement. It was a major topic of aesthetic theory in the 18th century, especially in England and Germany, but its inauguration as a topic was due to the translation by Nicolas Boileau (1636– 1711) of Longinus’s third-century treatise Peri Hypsos (Of elevation) into French in 1674. " This poem is a perfect example of the Romantic depiction of nature and emotions. Nov 21, 2023 · The realist literary movement sought a move away from the Romanticism of the past, which featured lofty ideals, imagination, emotion, and larger-than-life characters. The term was first coined in the 1840s, but the structure of the movement was around in the late 1700s. Romanticism is characterized by the reliance on imagination and technique, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature. The exploration of reality surveyed both the external world of peoples and Nov 21, 2023 · Romanticism is a literary movement that originated in Britain in the 1780s. Romanticism in literature has its roots in Britain, where new trends in art and literature began developing in the late 18th century. Distinguished by its accentuation of sentiment, individuality, and an innate veneration for the natural realm, Romanticism: 18th century artistic and intellectual movement that stressed emotion, freedom, and individual imagination. Romantic Essay: A romantic essay is a form of literary expression that emphasizes emotion, individualism, and nature, often reflecting the ideals of the Romantic movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It deals, not with the random trivia of the day, but with the timeless, fundamental, universal problems and values of human existence. Also, the romantic harmonic vocabulary is broader, with more emphasis on colourful, unstable chords. American Romanticism, a literary movement that emerged in the early 19th century, produced a wide array of influential works that continue to captivate readers today. ) example: Paradise Lost; Subject Search (This search lets you find articles in MLA about a specific subject, literary technique, etc. Shaffer, Julie, "Non-Canonical Women's Novels of the Romantic Era: Romantic Ideologies and the Problematics of Gender and Genre," in Studies in the Novel, Winter 1996, pp. Romantic architecture is not a distinct architectural era, but it significantly influenced both Classicism and Historicism. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of subjectivity , imagination , and appreciation of nature in society and culture in response to the Age of Sep 23, 2024 · It introduced the concept of passionate, individualistic romantic love and promoted an appreciation of nature’s beauty and spiritual significance. It is characterized by a focus on emotion, individualism, nature, and the supernatural. Introduction The general impression of modern culture is, at present, so unfavorable that it may seem strange to write of it in letters of admiration. Feb 9, 2022 · The Romanticism movement was a force that dominated Europe during the late 1800s. This period of time, often referred to as the Romantic Period, ran from the 1770s into the second half of the eighteenth century and resulted in the creation of a multitude of significant and influential literature, music, art, and philosophy. The intent of this list is to provide a list of works of fiction or poetry written in the romantic literary style. Nov 25, 2024 · The Concept of the Sublime in Romantic Literature; Romanticism and Individualism in 19th-Century Britain; The Representation of Men in Romantic Literature; Jane Austen and the Romantic Movement; The Role of the Supernatural in Romantic Literature; 📌 Most Interesting Romanticism Essay Topics. " What is Gothic literature? Gothic literature emerged in Europe during the 18th century and was inspired by Gothic architecture from the Middle Ages. It is marked by a The following are a few definitions of Romanticism and related terms that I have found to be very helpful. May 2, 2024 · Romanticism was a literary movement in the 18th and 19th centuries, but its tenets are still influencing writers today. If you’re a fan of metal band Iron Maiden, you’ll recognize this title from one of their albums. With its emphasis on nature, individualism, and the exploration of human emotions, American Romanticism introduced a new and English literature - Romanticism, Poetry, Novels: As a term to cover the most distinctive writers who flourished in the last years of the 18th century and the first decades of the 19th, “Romantic” is indispensable but also a little misleading: there was no self-styled “Romantic movement” at the time, and the great writers of the period did not call themselves Romantics. The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne’s best-known literary accomplishment. Oct 4, 2018 · During an eventful season at Bath, young, naïve Catherine Morland experiences the joys of fashionable society for the first time. Emboldened by the era’s revolutionary spirit, Romantic poets invented new literary forms to match. The Romantic poet William Wordsworth, in particular, is noted for his development of pastoralism in poems which meditate on his beloved Lake District in Cumbria, England. Studies in Romanticism publishes original essays on all aspects of literature and culture of the Romantic century (1750–1850). Other Concepts: Emotion, Lyric Poetry, and the Self Other aspects of Romanticism were intertwined with the above three concepts. Dark Romanticism is a subgenre of Romanticism, which is a literary movement that focuses on subjectivity and imagination to emphasize the individual and the sublimity of nature. This sample provides just some ideas on how this topic can be analyzed and discussed. Examples of Courses in Romantic Literature . Folklore and Mythology in Romantic Literature; Romanticism and the Subversion of Traditional Values; The Romantics and the Cult of Emotion; The Romantics and the Exotic; Romanticism and the Pursuit of the Ideal Self; Romanticism essay topics Prompts. It emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the emotional, and the visionary. Sep 10, 2023 · Romanticism was a pivotal period in both literature and art, showcasing a creative outpouring of works that embodied the qualities of the era. These essays typically explore personal experiences and thoughts, celebrating the beauty of the natural world while critiquing Romantic Essay: A romantic essay is a form of literary expression that emphasizes emotion, individualism, and nature, often reflecting the ideals of the Romantic movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Romantic movement in English literature of the early 19th century has its roots in 18th-century poetry, the Gothic novel and the novel of sensibility. Discover the essence of love, nature, and human spirit in this captivating literary era. The related literary movement of American Romanticism came later, thriving from the 1820s Romanticism was a cultural movement that emerged around 1780. Dec 18, 2024 · example: Milton, John; Primary Subject Work Search (This search lets you quickly find all of the articles in MLA that are about a specific work. 469-492. Here are some examples of realism in literature and how they enhance the value of a literary work: Example 1: East of Eden by John Steinbeck May 1, 2024 · Essay Example: The Romantic epoch, spanning from the latter part of the 18th century to the early 19th century, denotes a discernible shift in the annals of English literature, characterized by a bold departure from the Enlightenment's constraints and a fervent embrace of subjectivity. Realism, as a literary History of Europe - Romanticism, Literature, Arts: The fundamental Romantic purpose was to grasp and render the many kinds of experience that Classicism had neglected or had stylized. This includes translations of articles that have previously been published in other languages. Write a letter to a fellow poet Apr 25, 2024 · Romanticism, Realism, and Modernism in Literature – free essay example for studies and students. Romanticism emerged in the late 18th century, lasting until the mid-19th century, as a significant cultural movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism. However, its impact on architecture is unique. Nov 21, 2023 · Romanticism Literature Examples. The main difficulty in studying the romantics, according to him, is the lack of any “single real entity, or type of entity” that the concept “romanticism” designates. ” Romanticism can be considered a rebellion against the conservative thought and literature of the eighteenth-century Age of Reason, a period that looked to ancient Rome and classical forms for models of perfection. Regarded as the first work of English Romanticism, this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge tells the story of an old and withered dude who has just washed up from a long adventure on the high seas. In the period following German unification in 1871, naturalism rejected Romantic literature as a misleading, idealistic distortion of reality. Rather, it is an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in which people in Western cultures thought about Nov 8, 2023 · Explain American Romanticism with examples. 3. Dec 16, 2024 · Romanticism is the attitude that characterized works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in the West from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. The Romantic Period lasted from about 1750 until 1870. Beyond adaptations, even original works echo these vibes. Delve into the passionate works of poets like Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats, as they evoke emotions and paint vivid landscapes through their words. The 19th century was a marking era in literature with many movements and genres gaining popularity. Romance, as pointed out, is a type of fiction, comprising idealized love, chivalry, obsessive association with somebody or some idea, and mysterious adventures. British Literary Culture 1750-1850 (Chandler) Frankenstein (Keenleyside) Literature, History, and Science: 1750-1900 (Chandler) The Literature of Empire, 1750-1900 (Chandler) Lyric Forms from Blake to Hardy (Helsinger) Narrative Point of View: Theory/Practice, Fiction/Cinema (Chandler) Neo-romanticism as well as Romanticism is considered in opposition to naturalism—indeed, so far as music is concerned, naturalism is regarded as alien and even hostile (Dahlhaus 1979, 100). For example, plenty of eighteenth-century literature is introspective, and plenty of Romantic litera-ture is interested in sociability (see Cox; James; and Russell and Tuite). A prime example demonstrating Dark Romanticism would be his story, “The Masque of the Red Death”, which was about a deadly plague which swept the Kingdom of Prince Prospero within the 19th century leaving the king to blockade him and his subordinates Feb 13, 2024 · Gothic literature tends to incorporate revenge, family secrets, prophecies, psychological struggles, and "damsels in distress. Studies in Romanticism will not consider essays already published or under consideration elsewhere. American Romanticism was a literary and artistic movement that emerged in the early 19th century and reached its peak during the mid-1800s. Romanticism also drew inspiration from the French Revolution, picking up themes of freedom and equality. Romanticism was a movement that dominated many areas across art, literature, music and other genres during the 18th and 19th centuries. ; Neoclassicism: The name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theater, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the “classical” art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. Romanticism's longing to overcome discord and fragmentation suggests that human redemption and eschatological fulfilment on earth lay within the power of the artist. Romanticism is the conceptual school of art. In English literature, the key figures of the Romantic movement are considered to be the group of poets including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and the much older In America, the Romantic Movement was slightly delayed and modulated, holding sway over arts and letters from roughly 1830 up to the Civil War. Sep 29, 2023 · Explore the enchanting world of the Romantic Age in English Literature. The novel was published in 1850 and set in Puritan Massachusetts Romanticism in literature was a movement that emerged in the late 18th century, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and the beauty of nature. Notable examples of 19th century romanticism literature include: William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “Lyrical Ballads” – A collection that marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement. Jan 17, 2024 · Romanticism is a literary and artistic movement that emerged in the late 18th century and reached its peak in the 19th century. Art came under this heading only later. Learn all the essential details about Romanticism's effect on architecture. It becomes “Romantic” when paired with characteristics of Romanticism, creating an unusual contrast between the imagination, emotion, and individuality of this incredibly influential literary movement and the rationality and self-reflexive What is Romanticism in Literature? Romanticism in literature happened in the 18th and 19th centuries, mostly in England and America. Examples of Romanticism William Wordsworth (pictured) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature in 1798 with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads. Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. There are many examples of Romanticism in literature. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Etymologically, romantic has been modified from the French word romaunt which means a story of chivalry. The following definitions are pulled from literary contexts and for the purposes of this web site are merely a jumping point for further discussion Dark Romantic Literature. com ⭐ Make your own essay 1. Characteristic 2: The Critique of Progress. It was a pushback against modernity and all its associated Dec 1, 2020 · Understanding romanticism examples comes easier when you take the first step and know where to look. Like its American counterpart, Transcendentalism, Romanticism was in part a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. Romanticists viewed urbanity and industrialization in a largely negative light. Romantic works tend to have greater ranges of tone colour, dynamics and pitch. In fact, though the beginnings of the movement can be traced back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries Apr 21, 2024 · Romanticism: Major Characteristics. Essays & Research Papers for Free from Aithor. Romantic irony is a distinct kind of irony that occurs when writers reveal their presence in a novel, poem, or short story. This movement was applicable to different groups, such as individual movements, nations, and states. A Discovery of Witches by Deborah Harkness Jun 22, 2023 · Dark Romanticism is an American literary movement that grew in popularity between 1836 and 1840 but continued to be a popular genre for decades. It continued until the 1830s. The most prosperous period of Romanticism was before and after the influential French bourgeois revolution - that time is from around the 90s of the 18th century to the 19th century's 30s. However, Romanticism is a specific movement and period in English literature during which poems, stories, and novels related to Romantic ideas were created. Nov 10, 2021 · Heathcliff’s passion is the type of powerful emotion that was characteristic of Romantic literature—and an example of a book in which Romanticism and romance actually overlap. kcwbyd jlndtdo jkockv hof mdc iwiogrj bfdqb vbjkork evlurvii qcnq