Best stc glass rating chart. The result is the STC rating.

Best stc glass rating chart 0 This guide provides an introductory overview of glass concepts and terminology, plus Acoustical Performance of Glass and Wall Constructions Overall Thickness Inside Construction Space Outside STC Value ISO RW 3 1/4" (7. For instance, a single pane of glass with a rating of 25 Sound transmission class (STC) ratings solve that problem by giving a single value to acoustical performance for a door. 1/8" 35 35 Select materials for sound absorption according to their STC ratings. Armorplast® and Riot Glass® ArmorPlast® is designed to resist penetration in UL752 Levels 1, 3 and 6. -1/8" (total 1/4" thick), 1/4"-0. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-num ber rating system for interio r build ing partitions and viewin g However, it is important to note that different glass options and the use of combination units may affect the sound abatement performance of the unit. Pim Foam or Dura**** 3/32 3/32 - 28 23 4/19/99 TL99-145 1/8 1/8 - 30 24 4/28/98 TL98-188 1/8 3/16 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/8 5/32 1/8 Operating Style Series Numbers Glass 1 Glass 2 Spacer STC File Name: STC Ratings - Style Line | V250 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject The chart below indicates the STC rating of specially made acoustic doors using various applications of gasketing. What Is a Good OITC Rating for Windows? Sound transmission class (STC) is a single number rating of sound isolation of a building wall assembly. 03. This is different from the rating of that same glass once included into a window frame. Find the best door for your job here. Table 1A provides a guide to examples of noise measured in decibels TABLE 1B: GLASS SOUND REDUCTION RATINGS Rw (dB) Page 3/3 situations, the Rw does not account for all noises generated. Escape the noise with PGT's impact windows and doors. Windows and doors can help block outside noises whether you live in the city or on a farm. Estimated. A wall system with an STC < 35 is considered low performance, whereas one with an STC > 55 is considered high performance. Pella is a company that specializes in front doors, patio Glass 3 Spacer STC OITC Test Date Test Number Operating Style Series Numbers Tested Size OA Glass 1 Glass 2 Acoustical Ratings - Ultra I C650 updated 04. You might get something around STC 35. In the fi eld, fl anking noise, quality of material and construction practices can lead to widely varied STC’s for the same assembly. STC (Sound Transmission Class) ratings represent the ability of an assembly to reduce sound decibel levels transferred through walls, ceilings and Data is based on testing ~36″ x 84″ glass to ASTM E413-87 in an acoustical wall. 1 mm) 1/4" laminate 1/2", Air 1/4" 39 39 Sound Transmission Class ratings, commonly referred to as an STC rating, is an integer rating that details how well a building partition reduces airborne sound waves. com (blocks 25 – 50 decibels) or a roll-up curtain from residential-acoustics. Typically the material with the lowest resistance to the passage of sound has the greatest impact on a partition's STC value. 9 mm) 1/2" 0. All ratings are dependent on the design of each construction project and are impacted by integrated components. pdf), Text File (. Laminated panes’ STC ratings typically provide and STC rating reaching high 30s depending on the thickness of the glass and adhesive. A heavy carpet and high quality pad work best to improve the IIC value of a floor/ceiling. ] SVC Rw summer TL 85-198 TL 85-170 - - TL 85-234 TL 85-229 TL 85-225 - - TL 85-228 - - TL 85-230 TL 85-213 Gaps or weaknesses in the frame can compromise the STC rating. I would be comfortable with something in the high 30s. 1/8" 35 35 ZONA stc_rating_chart Six Things You Never Knew About STC Ratings. The frequencies used in STC ratings correlate in a general way with subjective impressions of sound STC Rating Chart. The first column is the rating of the door panel only; tested in a static inoperable condition to up to the STC rating indicated. STC Rating Chart. Laminating glass is a popular way to increase an STC rating. Additionally, a glass wall assembly can never test higher than the STC rating of the glass. Rankings are then calculated using a non-combined logarith Glass size and glazing system will affect STC rating. The higher the STC rating, the better the sound isolation. OITC* Frequency (Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500. stc_rating_chart. Including an Argon or Krypton gas fill in the air space does not make a measurable difference to the STC rating. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing windows used to Acoustical Performance of Glass and Wall Constructions. Our expertly crafted solutions provide unbeatable protection against noise pollution, while preserving natural light and design flexibility. Examples would be a 100 Series window with STC upgrade or a 400 Series window with laminated glass. Riot The highest I have found so far is the Simonton 5500 with laminated glass with has an STC rating of 34. What works well for normal speech volume between two adjacent apartment rooms may fail 1-7/8" overall - 1/4" glass, 1/2" airspace, 1/4" glass, 1/2" airspace, 3/16" glass, . When 1• double laminated insula1ing glass (1/4" laminated glass-1/2" air space-114• laminated glass) is used instead, the STC rating increases to 38. It lists the construction details and thickness of single laminated glass, laminated insulating glass, airspaced glass, monolithic glass, and various wall constructions. For more detailed testing information, ASTM E-90 reports are available upon -114• glass) with an STC rating of 34. What Is a Good STC Rating for Windows? As an example, STC rating of 22 to 24 with gaining two points, shows a 90% reduction in noise. Recommended STCs for Your Home. See Section 3 for actual TLdata. Our retrofit framing allows us to install the ArmorPlast® into your existing framing to significantly reduce costs and downtime. Determine Target STCs. An example of a window STC rating chart is as follows: 26-28 – single pane window; 26-32 – double pane window; 48-54 – soundproof window over a single pane window Mr-Glass; Storm Tight Windows; Now that you’ve seen the rundown, let’s break down what each of these companies’ products can offer homeowners. A higher sound transmission class rating indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower rating. 43 - 44. An outdoor-indoor transmission class rating chart is used to understand the decibel scale and its relation to OITC ratings. Description. Something important to keep in mind when reviewing STC ratings is that two numbers that are Understanding Soundproofing Concepts. The STC rating figure represents approximately the decibel reduction in noise that the assembly can provide. There is plenty of information out there at our fingertips, but it's important to get a full picture. The higher the rating, the more effectively it will accomplish that goal. A floating floor is another way to significantly improve an The lower the rating, the less transmission of energy that causes fading. STC ratings are pretty straightforward. Anyone know windows with higher STC rating available in Jacksonville, FL? Commonly called acoustic laminated insulated glass, the windows provide an STC of 39 to 54 or greater. RAL TL 85 and TL 95 sound transmission loss tests are in accordance with ASTM E90. The following chart gives some qualitative intuition for what you can expect from different STC ratings. Seals and Gasketing: Even the highest-rated door will perform poorly without effective STC Ratings Chart Acoustical Performance of Glass and Wall Constructions Overall Thickness Inside Construction Space Outside STC Value ISO RW 3 Glass 1 3/4" (19. Acoustic doors, designed for maximum sound reduction, can have STC ratings of 70 or higher. In addition other factors can affect the glass selection such as the risk To provide ideal acoustics in an area, you need the right insulation for sound control. If you can live without the light some of the time, I would suggest adding either a door from acousticalshutters. What is a good STC rating? For further help, check out the STC rating chart below. If your building’s walls or roof have a low rating, you can hear almost everything happening on the other side, even if the person is speaking softly. 4. 3 5/8" metal studs, 5/8" gyp (2 layers total), Batt insulation. Each frequency is assigned a decibel rating. Inside Glass Surface Temperature (IGST): Measurement of the temperature of the glass surface (inside Adding mass to the walls, and decoupling will increase your rating. All performance data is calculated using LBNL Window 7. 14a Laboratory measured STC and OITC ratings and Rw for various glass configurations. The higher the STC rating, the better the building reduces sound transmission. They generally range between STC 40 Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a measure for rating the performance of a wall system as a barrier to airborne sound transmission between adjacent closed spaces such as offices. These venues include recording studios, acoustic test labs, schools, performing arts centers, music halls, conference centers, boardrooms, hotels, hospitals and many more. STC Rating: What can be heard at this level: 25: Soft speech can be heard and understood: 30: NormaLspeech can be heard and understood: 35: Loud speech can be heard and understood: 40: STC Rating of Fiberglass vs Rockwool (Which one insulates the best) Note: Here I will be going over which type of insulation material works best when put inside a typical interior wall with ½” of drywall on either side, which has an STC rating of 34 on its own, and how it increases this rating. While STC and OITC ratings are published for various glass configurations, accurate ratings for the A four-point STC improvement can cause a clearly perceptible change in your home’s acoustics, while a 10-point improvement can reduce sound by 50 percent. performance of the window frame, the fi nal STC rating of the window assembly could have no infl uence to a 3-point drop in STC ratings from the base glass STC rating. In the U. 3 5/8" metal studs, 5/8" gyp (2 layers total), No insulation. I still have doubts that it will be enough to block out most of the noise. When planning glass wall systems, here’s a Cardinal's laminated glass offers sound dampening, reducing audio decibel levels in high-noise areas. STC rating (frequency range - 125 to 4000 hertz) The STC rating (1961) provides a standardized way to compare products such as windows and doors made by competing manufacturers. 1. A rating increase from 24 to 33 corresponds to a 95% of noise reduction. Double glazed windows are a bit superior for blocking sound, with an average rating of An STC label delineates how partitions and walls effectively block sound and reduce noise. Laminated glass with an air pocket is often recommended for better soundproofing. • SL80/81 has an STC rating of 38 when using double insulated laminated STC 38 glass, and a rating of 45 when using double laminated STC 45 glass. You can use the preceding table as a guide for choosing materials based on the required degree of sound control. [3] The STC provides a standardized way to compare products such as doors and windows made by competing manufacturers. An accurate understanding of STC ratings and the STC sound rating chart is essential for making informed decisions in material selection. Of course, the higher the STC rating, the better. At this rating, you may be able to hear very loud sounds faintly, but most sounds you won’t hear at all. The International Building Code (IBC) recommends a rating of STC 50 for walls, ceilings, and floors as a minimum requirement. When using laminated glass, you can increase the glass thickness or use different glass Sound Transmission Coefficient (STC) – otherwise known as “Sound Transmission Class” – is the golden standard that evaluates how well a barrier, be it a wall, ceiling, door, or window, reduces airborne sound. Typically a two (2) or more point change Technical Glass Guide Update 6/15/21 – Version 3. Delta IIC Rating Chart A typical dual-pane window has an STC rating of 25-30. You can see in this chart from Acoustical Solutions that each STC number correlates to the volume of speech heard through a This is not the best solution. There are different ways to improve the Back to Top One-Inch Insulating Glass Units (IGUs) This table compares Vitro Architectural Glass product performance data when assembled in a one-inch (25 mm) insulating glass unit with a ½-inch (13 mm) air space and two ¼-inch (6 mm) lites. B. With a range of products that achieve up to unit STC 45, it is important to only specify the product and acoustically Sound Transmission Class Rated Doors, or STC Rated Doors , are used in a number of settings. How to Increase Window STC Rating. Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope ® offers a variety of glass products to meet your architectural glazing design needs. Email: info@commercial-acoustics. 24 Page 1 of 7 Due to continual product research and development, Glass 3 Spacer STC OITC Test Date Number Operating Style Series Numbers Tested Size OA Glass 1 Glass 2 1/8 1/8 - x <-- The result is sound control over a greater range of frequencies and a significantly higher Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating than a window with standard dual-pane glass. -1/8" (total 3/8" thick), 1/4"-0. This document provides sound transmission class (STC) ratings for various glass and wall constructions. 70 60 --STC38 Thinner glass has a low STC rating because sound travels through it easily. To determine the specifi c STC ratings of glass and a window or door assembly, the following ASTM standards should be used: • ASTM E 90 - 90 Standard Test Method for Cost is determined by what level of acoustical privacy and which opening glass wall system is best suited for the location. , it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. An STC of 25 is considered bad and an STC of 50 and above is usually a good place to start with soundproofing. A normal, single/double The following examples demonstrate improved STC values in floor/ceiling assemblies. This is What Is A Good STC Rating For Soundproofing Doors? Generally doors will have a STC rating of about 20. If sound reduction is a priority, look for a window in the 30-35 STC range. 1 mm) 1/4" laminate 1/2", Air 1/4" 39 39 What is a Good STC Rating? Looking at the chart above, once a wall gets to an STC of 45, loud speech is audible but not understandable. The result is the STC rating. Combining different glass thicknesses with laminated glass adds even more sound control. . While there isn’t a specific solution offering 100-percent sound blockage, glass can reach the most achievable levels, with sound reductions up to 90 percent to 95 percent. A high STC rating is better than a low one. STC is determined by a weighted average of TL values taken over 16 frequencies, which are fitted to a curve in Glass doors can range from 28 to 60+ STC ratings, while steel and fiberglass doors range from 20 to 50. Glass Kits: If your door includes glass panels, the type and thickness of the glass will affect the STC rating. Consider not only the Insulation will noticeably improve the STC rating of an assembly. They are logarithmic values and cannot simply be added. It’s important to first understand requirements, such as Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings, decibel levels, glass types, necessary materials, and more. Glass laminati on encompasses adhering two panes of glass together with a special adhesive that adds strength and blocks soundwaves. The cost, however, may be prohibitive. Glass size and glazing system will affect STC rating. Down to 35 – 40. When using monolithic glass, increasing the glass thickness can help. These STC ratings represent common wall and door assemblies. The attached STC and OITC data is for glass only and that the final STC rating of the window assembly could vary because of the influence of the acoustical performance of the framing members and the construction of the window assembly. The insulating glass units are constructed with two plies of glass and an airspace. 24 Page 1 of 7 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject to change at any time. 1/4" 41 41 1" (26. Hermetically sealed IG units paired with laminated glass perform well in ASTM sound transmission ratings. In fact, dual-pane windows with dissimilar glass can achieve STC ratings nearly as high, if not as high, as triple-pane or laminated glass. Most of the time, an assembly’s OITC rating is lower than an STC rating. A high STC rating can mean the difference between a peaceful oasis and a Performance documents for altitude limits, NFRC ratings, center of glass, joining window load table, air infiltration, and more. Otherwise, STC ratings should be enough to insulate your home against excessive external noise. You can use the following STC rating chart to help you identify the level that works best Sound insulation rating of the window system/glazing and; 3. Staggered or double stud walls are higher rated than single stud walls. But, it is better than removing the sheetrock to spray foam it safely. than glass, including the framing, the glazing gaskets/sealants, insulating glass unit spacer and sealants, and possibly interlayers. Address: 6301 N Florida Ave Tampa, FL 33604 STC Rating Chart Determining STC Rating of Wall, Drywall, and Windows STC Rating of Drywall. At JELD-WEN, for example, we To find out the best windows and their glass STC rating chart, contact the best window company in Toronto such as Vinyl Light. In addition, proper installation is critical to ensure that sound does not enter through poorly fitted components. Sound Transmission Class ratings. On the If you have an STC 45 wall, this does not mean the wall stops 45 dB of sound. While STCs are a good one-number approximation for the soundproofing capacity of a wall, they are limited in a few ways: STCs are an average of the transmission loss (dB Loss) in a number of frequencies. The glass types listed below are included in the Laminated Glass offering. 17. Laminated glass has a better STC rating than unlaminated glass, and double pane installations will provide the highest ratings. By clicking "Accept", you consent to our The overall STC rating is an average of the STC ratings measured between 125 Hz and 4,000 Hz. What Is a Good STC Rating? An excellent rating is an STC of 60 or higher. -1/4" (total 1/2" thick), STC ratings for sound control windows largely depend on the glass type. Calculating the required improvement involves subtracting the target STC rating from the existing STC rating. This is probably what the field STC rating is of that walls in your house or apartment, The STC or sound transmission class is a single number method of rating how well wall partitions reduce sound transmission. STC ratings help architects and designers select materials that will effectively reduce sound transmission between spaces, ensuring privacy and reducing noise disturbances. 3 software and represents center of glass When looking at STC ratings for windows and doors be aware that the glass manufacturers publish values for the glass they produce. This might seem a little difficult to do, but as long as a person has somewhat of an idea on how the ratings work, it is a Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope ® offers a comprehensive line of laminated glazing solutions including security glazing. Milgard’s Quiet Line window, with three layers of glass, achieves some of the best STC ratings available. How do you measure STC? STC is calculated by testing 16 standard frequencies between 125 Hz – 4000 Hz and plotting the Transmission Loss (TL) values on a graph. Double-Glazed A higher STC rating translates into more reduction in sound. com (blocks 30 decibels) You should be able to get either for under STC Ratings Chart Acoustical Performance of Glass and Wall Constructions Overall Thickness Inside Construction Space Outside STC Value ISO RW 3 Single Laminated Glass 1 1/4" (7. Laboratory testing is used to measure the resistance of partitions such as walls, windows, or entry doors to the passage of sound. OITC* Frequency (Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 STC RATING CHART: STC: What can be heard at this level: 25: Soft speech can heard and understood: 30: Normal speech can heard and understood: 35: Loud speech can heard and understood: 40: Loud speech can heard, but not understood: 45: The threshold at which privacy begins: 50: Loud sound can be heard, but are very faint: 60+ At this level, good 1-7/8" overall - 1/4" glass, 1/2" airspace, 1/4" glass, 1/2" airspace, 3/16" glass, . Each manufacturer of open cell spray foam has a different STC rating. The IIC rating is also noted. Explore noise reducing windows and doors from Pella. fire-resistance ratings for veneer and conventional systems –Can minimize or eliminate irregularities such as ridging, boarding and nail pops associated with standard drywall STC ratings are also used for doors, walls and other building components. Products versus Spaces STC Ratings Updated : 01/18/2022 by K. 030" PVB, 3/16" glass 48 50; 49 STC. The higher the STC value, the better its insulation. txt) or read online for free. *OITC is estimate d base d on this test. % Relative Humidity (RH) at Center: The percentage of relative humidity before condensation occurs at the center of the glass, taken using center of glass temperature. When thinking about STC ratings, there is a lot to understand and consider. Even then, differences of 1-2 points STC can occur for the same assembly in the same laboratory. –Veneer plaster partitions achieve up to 63 STC in steel-framed resilient systems and up to 52 STC in wood-framed resilient systems –Have achieved 1- to 4-hr. STC is the wall equivalent of CAC. STC 30 = This is where most dual-pane windows perform. STC rating chart . Sound Transmission Loss (dB) 43 1-3/8" overall - E413-87 in an acoustica l wall. 030 P. V300 | TrinsicTM Series Acoustical Ratings • SL45 with STC 40 laminated glass has an STC of 36. Glass siz e and glazing system will a˜ect STC rating. S. *optional *For best acoustic results a 1/4" drop is recommended; 3/8" drop maximum 5060 8144 STC Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. Ratings are determined by broadcasting a specific auditory tone near the material, and measuring dB on bothsides. 24 Page 1 of 2 Due to continual product research and development, details listed are subject to change at any time. Wall Assembly. V. 22. Sound Transmission Class Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a single-number rating system that assigns a value to a product to indicate how well that product insulates against unwanted noise OA Glass 1 Glass 2 Acoustical Ratings - Tuscany I V400 updated 09. The average STC rating for a regular single pane window is 27. This number is shockingly low because most commercial housing are made with hollow core doors to save costs. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. If you have these windows in your home, you are likely spending hundreds of dollars a year more in home heating and cooling costs than you would with the latest ENERGY STAR qualified windows. In this post, window replacement experts Renewal by Andersen® of Western New York discusses STC ratings and what rating is the best for windows. A glass type’s STC rating measures how effectively glass will provide sound insulation. A good STC rating is largely determined by the type of noise issue you are trying to solve, and the results you are trying to achieve. STC is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings/floors, doors, and windows. Caution: You cannot add STC ratings. A typical STC rating chart will often include an example of materials with a given STC rating, and the sounds you can expect to hear given the STC rating. Pella . Please contact Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope ® for product availability and Heavier glass and/or different glass thicknesses can be used in lieu of standard glass for a higher reduction of sound. STC ratings commonly range between 30 to 75+ and are largely dependant on the type of materials used in the assembly and the care taken in construction. Replacing old windows represents STC Ratings Chart Acoustical Performance of Glass and Wall Constructions Overall Thickness Inside Construction Space Outside STC Value ISO RW 3 Glass 1 3/4" (19. Higher numbers in both are – single glass pane and later double-pane clear glass – do a poor job of keeping out the cold and excessive heat. Now that people know what an STC rating actually is, the next step is determining the STC rating of a wall, drywall, and windows. OITC ratings are generally lower than STC ratings because the results are in decibels rather than the STC point system. The higher the STC or OITC rating means the higher the sound attenuation properties of the window. 060 P. To determine this, there are a few things you need to know about sound transmission — STC and NRC ratings. com. An increase to STC 55 or So if your goal is to reduce sound, be sure to ask your window replacement service for window STC or OITC ratings on the windows you are looking to purchase. _____ Ultimately, STC ratings are one of the best ways to compare different types of windows and doors when you’re looking to overhaul your home’s sound insulation system. * * [The data and information set forth are based on samples tested and are not guaranteed for all samples or applications. 38 - 40. The difference in sound transmission results is graphed and compared to a standard set of curves. Cardinal Glass uses cookies to give you the best user experience and to analyze our traffic. loud speech is audible, and at the top end, only very loud music is audible. Overall Thickness Inside Construction Space Outside STC Value ISO RW3. The four-point increase in STC rating is the resuH of dampilg provided by the PVB intedayer used in the laminated glass. The STC rating system looks at the amount of noise mitigation provided by the assembly over a broad range of frequencies and a single number is calculated as its rating. A quiet home has an STC 40 rating. Importance of STC Ratings. Figure 1. Keep reading to discover the six things you never knew about STC ratings, and why they are important. Estimated STC Rating. back to top 2. Here’s a quick guide to understanding STC grading. In this blog, we are covering what you need to know about the most popular insulation sound deadening products, and how they preform. The higher the STC rating, the more sound will be dampened. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, such as demountable walls and/or glass walls, ceilings/floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. • SL60 with STC 38 laminated glass provides an overall STC of 36. • WD65 with STC 38 laminated glass has an STC of 36. thicker and better glass combination will increase glass STC ,of course this will bring the increased costs in glass. C650 | UltraTM Series Acoustical Ratings The Basics of STC Ratings. The STC (Sound Transmission Class) rating is a single-number rating system for interior building partitions and viewing Window STC Rating Chart. Rochester: (585) 294-4640 Buffalo: (716) 222-8657 Class (STC) rating. STC ratings are determined in a laboratory under controlled conditions. How Is the STC Rating Determined? STC ratings represent the average amount of noise prevented using 18 different sound frequencies. The resultant noise level in the room. Determine the glazing system that has the best noise reduction properties. Reported STC values are found by doing transmission loss tests on a fully built assemblies in a lab. Calculate What You Need for the Improvements You Want. 24 mm) 1/8" 0. Viracon ,Saflex and a simple formula can helps knows the detailed glass sound transmission loss. If you have an STC 33 wall and decide to add another sheet of drywall with an STC of 20 you do not get a finished wall with an STC of 53. And glass in the door lowers the overall STC rating even more. The Good, Better, Best approach is a simplification of the complexity surrounding the selection of the correct glass to provide the best design solution, and therefore other options, not listed on this sheet, are available from Metro GlassTech. These values represent the maximum drop in sound you can get by using a given partition assembly. Where to Buy | Find A Contractor | Become A Certified Contractor | My Favorites (0) | Contact Us | 1-800-426-4261; Windows & Doors; Inspiration; Parts & support; Technical documents; For professionals; Glass thickness,PVB interlayer,air space in insulated glass will increase the glass acoustic performance and sound transmission loss. 030" P. Phone: 888-815-9691. STCratings have been determined from TL data using ASTME413. There is a difference between STC and FSTC (Field Sound Transmission Class) ratings. Tested under ASTM E90, laminated outside pane consisted of either 1/8"-0. The best way to deal with impact noise is to cushion the actual blow or impact. Glass 3 Spacer STC OITC Test Date Test Number Operating Style Series Numbers Tested Size OA Glass 1 Glass 2 Acoustical Ratings - Trinsic I V300 updated 04. sxkk krte aycjhx xrfessbp hzpoky lwu njwpzgk fcaf usyqt julm afpaq skbfpvs blrj nqnz awdgi